Main contributions and syllogism of Aristotle
Aristotle has spent most of his life in academic research. What we have as Aristotle's works are about 30 closely written, terse, treatises on a full range of philosophical and scientific topics. These may have been his morning lectures or even student's notes on those lectures.
Aristotle thinks science can be divided into three categories: theoretical, productive and practical. Theoretical science is the search for truth, including mathematics, physics and metaphysics, where mathematics is the most precise science. Productive science is the process. And practical science, such as ethics and political science. is for the sake of putting people in action. In modern language, theoretical science is basic science, productive science is production technology and practical science is ethical norm.
In contrast to Plato's existing works, they consist of 20 dramatic dialogues that discuss philosophical issues in a Socratic, dialectical, questioning manner. Aristotle may have written such works as well, but they have not survived. Aristotle set the foundation of western philosophy and science, he laid the groundwork for the systematic development of philosophy and the basic framework for the understanding of nature.
First of all, Aristotle grounds all knowledge on experience. This is unlike Plato for whom knowledge came only when the philosopher escaped from the world of sense perception, which could mislead. The reality for Aristotle is the world around us, not the objects of the mind.
The world view for Plato and Aristotle are quite different. For Plato, the knowledge comes from contemplating the abstract ideas. While for Aristotle, true knowledge comes from close examination of the world around.
Aristotle gave the definition to statement we learned in mathematics. "A statement is either true or false. Therefore, if it can be shown that a statement is not true, it must be false." If valid reasoning leads to a false conclusion, one of the premises must be false.
The key component of Aristotelian logic is the syllogism. it includes three steps. Major premise, minor premise and conclusion.
Major premise is a general truth or observation, minor premise is a particular fact or specific observation, conclusion is an inference implied by the two premises together.
For example, major premise - - every human being needs to sleep. minor premise - - Trump is a human being. Conclusion - - trump needs to sleep.
We can conclude syllogism into one sentence, what applies to all members of a group applies to each and every member.
However, the conclusion from syllogistic reasoning must be true only if the premises are true. Aristotle reasoned correctly from faulty generalizations and produced impressively argued, but those conclusions are false.
References:
BaiKe. 2013.01.19. Introduction of Aristotle. Retrieved from: http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/special/2010lianghui/redianjiedu/gongpingzhengyi/201003/0317_9774_1579302.shtml
Aristotle thinks science can be divided into three categories: theoretical, productive and practical. Theoretical science is the search for truth, including mathematics, physics and metaphysics, where mathematics is the most precise science. Productive science is the process. And practical science, such as ethics and political science. is for the sake of putting people in action. In modern language, theoretical science is basic science, productive science is production technology and practical science is ethical norm.
First of all, Aristotle grounds all knowledge on experience. This is unlike Plato for whom knowledge came only when the philosopher escaped from the world of sense perception, which could mislead. The reality for Aristotle is the world around us, not the objects of the mind.
The world view for Plato and Aristotle are quite different. For Plato, the knowledge comes from contemplating the abstract ideas. While for Aristotle, true knowledge comes from close examination of the world around.
Aristotle gave the definition to statement we learned in mathematics. "A statement is either true or false. Therefore, if it can be shown that a statement is not true, it must be false." If valid reasoning leads to a false conclusion, one of the premises must be false.
The key component of Aristotelian logic is the syllogism. it includes three steps. Major premise, minor premise and conclusion.
Major premise is a general truth or observation, minor premise is a particular fact or specific observation, conclusion is an inference implied by the two premises together.
For example, major premise - - every human being needs to sleep. minor premise - - Trump is a human being. Conclusion - - trump needs to sleep.
We can conclude syllogism into one sentence, what applies to all members of a group applies to each and every member.
However, the conclusion from syllogistic reasoning must be true only if the premises are true. Aristotle reasoned correctly from faulty generalizations and produced impressively argued, but those conclusions are false.
References:
BaiKe. 2013.01.19. Introduction of Aristotle. Retrieved from: http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/special/2010lianghui/redianjiedu/gongpingzhengyi/201003/0317_9774_1579302.shtml
Wang Wei. 2016.09.05. "How do you understand the definition of "entity" by Aristotle". Retrieved from: https://www.zhihu.com/question/21859358
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